Rafiqun Nabi, affectionately known as Ranabi, is one of Bangladesh’s most iconic artists. Born in 1943 in Nawabganj District, which was then part of British India and now lies in northwestern Bangladesh, Ranabi’s artistic journey began early. He pursued his passion for art at the East Pakistan College of Arts and Crafts, now the Faculty of Fine Arts at the University of Dhaka. Under the tutelage of legendary artists like Zainul Abedin and Quamrul Hassan, Ranabi honed his skills and developed his distinct artistic voice.
Between 1962 and 1964, he received a scholarship from the Asia Foundation, allowing him to further refine his craft. Later, from 1973 to 1976, he studied printmaking at the prestigious Athens School of Fine Arts under a postgraduate scholarship from the Greek government. This international exposure enriched his artistic sensibilities and deepened his understanding of various artistic techniques.RANABI: Timeless Legacy
Rafiqun Nabi’s contributions to the art world extended beyond his personal creations. He served as a faculty member at the Faculty of Fine Arts, University of Dhaka, from 1964 until his retirement in 2010. Over these decades, he influenced generations of artists, sharing his knowledge and experience while inspiring students to find their own creative paths.
His tenure as an educator coincided with his work as a professional cartoonist. Ranabi began his journey in the field of cartooning in 1963 with contributions to the Weekly Purbodesh. His artistic prowess soon earned him a place in Shochitro Shandhani, where he illustrated Abdul Gani Hazari’s popular column, “Kaal Penchar Dairy.” In the late 1960s, he worked for the Weekly Express, an English periodical, and was later associated with Forum, a journal published by Rehman Sobhan and Hamida Hossain.
After returning from Greece in 1976, he began contributing to the Weekly Bichitra and Dainik Bangla, two of the most influential publications in Bangladesh at the time. His cartoons in these outlets captured the socio-political pulse of the country, reflecting his keen observational skills and his ability to convey complex narratives through simple imagery.One of
Rafiqun Nabi’s most significant contributions to Bangladeshi art and culture is his creation of the cartoon character Tokai.
. First appearing in the anniversary issue of Bichitra in May 1977, Tokai quickly became a symbol of resilience and social commentary. The character represents the countless impoverished street children of Dhaka who survive by picking through dustbins, begging, or doing odd jobs. Despite his dire circumstances,
Tokai possesses a remarkable ability to articulate simple yet profound truths about Bangladesh’s socio-political and economic landscape.
His witty and often ironic observations serve as a poignant critique of corruption, inequality, and political instability. Through Tokai, Ranabi gave a voice to the underprivileged, exposing the stark realities of life in Bangladesh with humor and empathy.
Tokai’s enduring popularity can be attributed to its relatability and the timeless nature of its messages. The character’s satirical take on contemporary issues continues to resonate with audiences, making him a beloved figure in Bangladeshi popular culture.
Rafiqun Nabi’s artistic style is deeply rooted in the traditions of Bangladeshi art while also incorporating elements from his international experiences.
His printmaking background, coupled with his expertise in painting and cartooning, allowed him to develop a unique aesthetic. His works often feature bold lines, vibrant colors, and a keen sense of composition. His main sources of inspiration are images of people or animals in a natural environment. He seems to have a propensity to depict the rural scenery or the lives of the working masses in the majority of his endeavors, whether they are printmaking, painting, watercolor, oil, or acrylic on canvas. The city skyline or a few Tokai (urchins) served as the starting point for the piece when his attention shifted to the urban landscape. Regardless of the subjects, he can still produce visually appealing graphics Beyond cartoons, he has made significant contributions to printmaking, a medium that was relatively underdeveloped in Bangladesh before his involvement. His exploration of various techniques, including woodcuts, etchings, and lithographs, has helped elevate the status of printmaking in the country.
His works often depict rural and urban life, highlighting the struggles and joys of everyday people.
In recognition of his outstanding contributions to art and culture, Rafiqun Nabi was awarded the Ekushey Padak in 1993, one of the highest civilian honors bestowed by the government of Bangladesh. This prestigious award acknowledged his lifelong dedication to the arts and his role in shaping Bangladesh’s cultural identity.
Apart from the Ekushey Padak, he has received numerous accolades both nationally and internationally. His works have been exhibited in various countries, earning him critical acclaim and cementing his status as one of Bangladesh’s foremost artists.
Rafiqun Nabi’s influence extends far beyond his own artistic creations. As an educator, he has shaped the careers of countless artists who have gone on to make their mark in Bangladesh and beyond. His emphasis on artistic freedom, experimentation, and social responsibility has inspired a new generation of creators to use art as a tool for storytelling and change.
Tokai remains a powerful symbol of resilience, wit, and social awareness. The character’s ability to speak truth to power continues to resonate with audiences, demonstrating the enduring relevance of Ranabi’s work. Through Tokai, he has immortalized the struggles of the marginalized, ensuring that their voices are heard and acknowledged.
Awards and Recognition – Celebrating Rafiqun Nabi’s Legacy
Rafiqun Nabi’s contributions to Bangladeshi art and culture are immeasurable. From his early days as a student under the guidance of legendary artists to his role as the mentor and creator of one of the most iconic cartoon characters in Bangladesh, Ranabi’s legacy is one of creativity, social consciousness, and artistic excellence. His work, whether in the form of fine art or cartooning, reflects a deep understanding of the human condition and a commitment to shedding light on social injustices. As Bangladesh continues to evolve, the relevance of Rafiqun Nabi’s work remains steadfast.
His art serves as a reminder of the power of visual storytelling and the role of artists in shaping societal discourse.
Through his paintings, prints, and cartoons, Rafiqun Nabi has left an indelible mark on the cultural landscape of Bangladesh, ensuring that his legacy will be celebrated for generations to come.
